Improvement in mortising-machines



N. PETERS, PHOTO-LIYHOGRAPHE, WASHINGTONy D CA N'PETIERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHIE, wASHzNGToN, o Cv machine.

@initrd gisten @sind LOWELL G. MERRILL, OF ANGELS, CALIFORNIA.

Letters Patent No. 108,503, dated October 18, 1870,

IMPROVEMENT IN MORTlSlNG-MACHINES.

-*QH* The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making prf of the same To all whom it may concern l Bc it known that I, LOWELL G. MERRILL, ot' Angels, in the county ot' Calaveras and State of California, have inventeda new and Improved Mortising- Machine; and I do hereby declare that the following is a. full, clear, and exact description thereof', refer' ence being had to the accompanying drawing, making part of this specification, in which-- Figure 1, plate l, isja front elevation of the niachine.

Figure 2, plate 2, is'a rear elevation ofthe machine, with portion of the driving mechanism broken away.

Figure 3, plate 2,-is an elevation of one end of the Figure 4, plate 3, is a section `ta-ken vertically and transversely through the machine, a little to one side of the center thereof.

l Figure 5, plate 3, is a horizont-al section, taken just above the carriage, showing in detail some of the devices for moving the follower.

Figures 6 and 7 are sectional views in detail, showing the operation of the chisels and rotary/cutters in lmortising lumber.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures. L l

This invention relates to certain novel improvements on mortising machinery wherein are employed rotary cutters and tapering chisel-edged cutters. l The stuff is first acted upon by the rotary cutters, which deeply score it at those points where the mor- Vtises are to be made, andthus prepare the stuff for the chisels,after which the'stutf is moved beneath' the chisels and mort-ised by them, and then discharged from the machine bymeaus of an endless belt.

The principal parts of the machine rre- Y First-,- a vertically-movable horizontal carriage, ou

Awhich the stud is held while being scored and mor-4 tised, and on which aV follower is applied that moves the stuff up to the rotary cutters, thence beneath the chisels, and thence uponthe endless discharging-belt.

Second, two gangs of rotary cutters, arranged so as to score the stui' on bot-h ot' its sides, preparatory 4to its adjustment by the follower beneath the chisels. Third, chiscls or mortising-blades, of a taper form,

having chisel'edged teeth upon two edges, and applieckto a vertically-reciprocating sash.

Fourth, devices which gripe and hold the stuff while it isbeing acted on by the chisels, and which give to each piece of stuio a movement in the direction of its length, thus feeding it up to the chisels so as to prodncevoblong mortises.

Myobject is tosc combine and arrange the abovenamed parts, and to operate them', that any number of mortises can be made iu each piece of stuff put into the machine, the only manual labor required'being the introduction of therstui' upon the carriage in front of the follower at the proper times. Y j

The following description will enable others skilled inthe art to understand the construction and operation of my invention. l

The machine may be divided, for description, into two parts, namely, the driving mechanism, and the scoring and lmortising mechanism. 'The former is chiefly-included between the Vertical portions A1 and AF of the frame, and t-he latter is -included between the two vertical fpoltions A3 A3 of the frame.

Brepresents a long lever, which has its fulcrum at b, and is arranged fbetwcen two of the sill-timbers AV secured to a horizontal carriage, K2, which is arranged some distance above the beam R. By this means the carriage Kon which-:the stuff is supported while being scored and mortised, is sustained and moved up and down.

The other end of the leverB is attached bya short pitman.l al, to the wrist-pin a of a crank, which is on the shaft of 'the spur-wheel c. j

The lever- B is also pivoted to a vertically-movable slotted rod, c, which rises through a slot made through i the vertical' portion A1 of the frame, and, extending above this portion 'A1, is connected to a slotted segment-lever, c, by a pin, c2, s o that a rectilinear reciprocating movement is imparted to a b ifurcated connect ingrod, G, which, infitstum, vibrates the arm 0*, and gives a reciprocating movement to a'pitman, C2,which, in its turn, vibrates -t'he depending arms On C. v

These arms C3 C3 are pivoted above to the rear horizontal beam Aof the main frame, are connected together byan extensible rod, G, and are intended to give' endwisc movement to the stuff while it is being act-edupon bythe chisels.

The set-screw c3, and upper arm c*, of the rod C, are designed to adjust and adapt this rod to the adjustments of the two arms C3 G3.

' The army 01. is pivoted at c5, and is adjustable vertically; and the rod G2 is adjustable on the lower end of the arm Gl.

.The spur-wheel a communicates rotary motion to a spur-wheel, a5, through the lnediumof pinion-wheels, which are not shown, 'and 4this wheel acommunicates rotary motion vto a shaft, b, through the medium of spur-wheels a, c, and a9, and pinions which are keyed ofthe main frame.

crank, to the wrist-pin d of which a pitman, 1),"is applied,which is connected to a great lever, Dl, that has its fnlcrum at 11.2, near the upper end of the standard A".

Around the drums e2 c2 passes the endless-belt X, upenwhich the Inortised stufffalls, and by means of which this stuit` is discharged from the machine.

A belt-tightener is applied to the inclined brace A of the main i'ame, for tightening the belt E.. This device consists of a roller, e2, applied to a yoke, A, on the brace A5, which yoke is'acted upon by a tensionspring e2,'applied at one end to the bottom edge of the brace A 'Zand at the other end to a leven-c, behind said brace.

The lever c is held between pins, e2, in lthe desired position for applying the Irequired tension. t'o the yoke A9. Awedge, which isfdriventlnough the yoke above the brace A, holds up this yoke against the tensionspring e. I

Thecarriage K2 is adj ustably secured at its ends to bearingplates 4 4, which are secured to the slidersrr that receive the guides g g.

At or near the extremities of the carriage K2, and pivoted to its upper side, are two'jaw-pieees,'=28*28, which have their inner surfaces serrated,and which extend far enough to be acted against by the arms C" G3. These 'awlnieces 22 are ad'nstablev and ,are

J J a intended to gripe and lhold down the stut by itsfentls, and to move-with the stuff when it receives cndwis movement from said arms C3 G3. y

, On this ca1riageK,ingers, 23 23, are secured, which extend beyond the inner edge of the table far enough to deliver the stuft' upon the belt X. These tingers are `arranged at proper distances apart, and may he adjustable in the direction of the length of the carriage. Above the fingers'. 23 23 are corresponding tingers 23 23, which are secured to and made adj ust-- able on an overhanging bar, J', and which are designed for holding down the stui on the carriage K2 and the lower set of tingers 23. v

. Stiiening-rods G2 G2 may be applied above and be'- low the two sets of fingers 23, and secured to rods -G,- so as' to prevent the fingers from yielding nnd'uly.

The rod G2 is secured at it's ends to the end pieces of the carriage, so"as to move up and down with this carriage. l

On this carriage K2, and arranged at the middle of the length thereof, is a follower, K, which receives vforward and'baekward movements, as will be hereinafter explained.

This follower is attached to a slotted guide, 40, on

'the carriage, and is intended to move the stu-ii' beneath the rotary cutters and beneath the chisels, and

also to discliarge the mortised stuff .frointhe ends of the tingers 23 upon the endless belt X.

.To each 'end of the follower a link7 32, is .pivoted,

' which is again pivoted to a curved lever, 33. The

`latter is guided by a horizontal-slotted arc,"}?",.ahd pivoted'at its outer vend to a curved connecting-rod, Pi-through which the end of a rod, H, passes freely.

The connecting-rod 122L is pivotcd to a vibrating v arm, P, which is pivoted at 5 to the frame ofthe machine, and vibrated by means of au arm, I, to which arm P2 is connected by rodl.

The arm l is secured to a horizontal rockfshaft, P, which extends across, and has its bearings at the back of the `main frame.

meets is straight and the other bowed, and against thisV guide the lever gi' is held by a spring, g", to which it is connected bya'rod, g".

On the pitman D2, which. connects the chisel-sash D2 to the lever D2, a double-hooked lifting-piece, g, is secured in such position relatively to the front end cf lever g that, at certain times, when the chisel-sash rises, it will carry upwith it, during the upper vpart of its stroke, the front end of said lever, thus depressing the rod S. .Y Y

Dining the upper part of eaehf'desccnding stroke of the chisel-sash D2, the front lend ollever g2 will be depressed, and rod S will be lifted, and the spring y will detach the lever g2 fromV the hooked piece g1, and allow this lever to remain temporarily at rest.

The lower part ofthe rod S vterminates in a'reduced portion, Sl, which leaves a shoulder' at its juncvvtion 'with the main portion of the rod. This reduced portionpasses freely through the -cndl of an arm, S5, whichis secured to a slotted rocking bar, G, so that, ivli'en'fgtheirod S is depressed, as above stated, its shoulderfpressingan arrn, S, will depress this arm and raise the free end of arms g2 n n, which are adjustably secured to and extended forward from the slotted bar G. The middle arm' g2, is connected by a rod, g", to al vibrating plate, y2, which is pivoted to the ii'ont side of the slotted portion A4, at thefback l.

of the main frame, and provided with a stud, s,`which i is pressed against by a ii'ictiou-spring, s.

Y 0n the backside of the pitman D2, which connects lever` D1 to the chisel-sash D2, a fiat strip, 7 is pivo'ted, and acted upon by a spring, S.

The lower end of this strip 7 is notched, and intended to strike the stud tl on vibrating plate'g7 durin'gei-'ery descent of the chiselscarriage, and thus op-v erate to lift the rear end of the arm Sand ofcourse depress the fr ont ends of the ax-msg2 n' 'u'.

The front ends of arms au' are connected by short links y glito, sliding spikes 71y h, which 'are applied to and suitably guided on the inner edges of the two vi` brat-ing arms Ca C?. These spikes are .intended to hold the stuit` vfirmly in place during thelower part of the descending and ascending strokes ofthe chiselsash.

. The lever ga is brought in position to be caught and acted on by the hooked catch g1 once during every revolution of the crank-shaft of spur-wheel a2. This is effected by the action of lever F4, through its anti- New, as thc arnrN'is forced outward by the action of lever F', this arnrdraws the wheel K1 against the upper portion of the rod S, and moves the forward end of level g in a position to be caught by the hookedr plate g2 when the chisel-sash rises.

` The lever F1 vis guided by the fixed standard Tand `the stretched wirejfu. y

Risinf above the u )er edge of the lever Fl near D 7 the anti-friction wheel F6, is a tappet, 20, which, at

every descending stroke ot' this lever F, strikes and depresses an arm, H, which is tixed to a rockfshaft,

H, from which a cur-ved arm, H2, projects.

0n this arm H2 rest-s one end of a lever, H, which end is lifted when arm H2 is-depressed.

lhe forward end of lever H' is pivotedto a bracket, m, and between this pivotal attachment and the arm 'H2 the lever HI is connected to a vibrating strip, J2. A spring, an', is interposedbetwecn the J 2 and a fixed arm, 10, which holds down the strip J 2 and lever H.

From arms j j, 'which are secured to the strip J, rods H E depend, the lower ends of which pass freely through curved connecting-rods I" P4, and, at times, are held by their ends behind inclined planes'p.

The rods H H,- when in the position last named,

I hold the followerK in pla'ee after it has moved the stnli beneath thecirtters and chisels.

When the rods H H are released from behind the inclined planes p hy the lifting operation of lever Hl on strip J2, the follower K is allowed to be moved back to receive in front of it a piece of stuff to be mortised. This retrocession of the follower Ktakes place at every revolution 4of the crank-shaft of wheel a2, and is effected by and simultaneously with the forward movement of the arms PPI, as above described.

Arranged above and below ,the carriage K2 are two gangs of rotary cutters 11e, which cut recesses orscores into both the upper and lower sides of the stud" preparatory to the movement thereof beneath the chisels.

The shafts 22 of each gang of cutters are supported by snitable bearings applied adjustahly to two horizontal bars, J J.

The rear ends of the shafts 22 22 carry bevel-pinions 18, which engage with large bevel-wheels 14, applied adjustably ou a shaft, 16.

rlhe two shafts 16 16 carry pinion spur-wheelsq q, which engage with a spur-wheel, q', shown in dott-ed lines, iig. 2,- ou the shaft b4 of spur-wheel a.

The bearings for theshafts 22, of both gangs of cutters t' t', are adjustable ou theirlbars J in a direction with the length thereof, and the spur-wheels 14 14 are also adjustable longitudinally on their shafts v 16 16. These adjustments allowrthe cutters i t' to be Y set for at different distances apart. The upper gang of cutters t' fi prepare the stud on its upper. side as the carriage reaches its highest point, and the lower gang of cutters t 1l prepa-re the bottom side of the stuff as the carriage reaches its lowest point.

The mprtising-chisels f f correspond in number to the number of rotary cutters t 't in each gang, and these chisels are so arranged relatively to the rotary cutters that they commence mortsing at the ends of their respective scores made into the stuii` bythe 1'o tary cutters.

The chisels f are secured to the front side of the sash D3, and held firmly by diagonal braces f', which, with the chisels, ,are adjustable in the direction of the length of the sash.

The sash is applied to the vertical guides g by means of slides d, which are secured to the ends of the sash, and grooved, to 'receive the guides.

This chisel-sash is,'as before stated, moved up and down by the vibrating lever D1, to which it is connected by the pitman D2.-

The wheel d6, which bears against the pitmau D2, serves to steadyl and guide it in its vertical movements. The chisels areall arranged in avertical plane, which corresponds tothe middle of the width of a piece of scored stuff when the same is moved in a position between the ngers 23 23, to be mortised. This arrangement is shown in fig. 7, plate 3, and will 4be further Aexplained hereinafter.

Between the discharging ends of the'ngers 23 and a stop-board, M, is the endless belt or carrier X, working on drums e2 e2, and adapted for conveying te mortised stun, one piece ,at a time, out ofthe mac me.

Each chisel f tapers from a point near the lower edge of the sash l)3 to its lower end, which latter is a double beveled `penetrating-point. The thickness Operation. The several parts of the machine are adjusted according to thelengthV and width of the stuff to bei..

rnortised; and the rotary cutters and the chisels are adjusted according to the numberof the mortises, and the distances they are required to be apart.

WVhen the machine -is started, the rotary cutters receive a rapid, regular motion from the shaft b3, through the medium of the spur-wheels a7, a, q, q, q, andl4 18.

The crank-shaft or spur-wheel as, acting through the medium of pitman-rod D, lever Dl, and pitmanrod D3, gives vertical reciprocating motion to the chisel-carrying sash D, The crank-shaft of spurwheel az, acting through the medium of a wristpin, a, pitman a, lever B, and Pitman-rod R1, gives a comparatively slow vertical motion to thecarriage K2.

The vibrating movements of lever B, acting through the medium of a rod, c, slotted lever c, connectingrod C, pendulous armUg and connecting-rod G2, gives slow vibrating movements to arms C3 C, which move the stuff on the fingers 23 23 of carriagel2 in a direction with its length during the operation of th chisels in cutting the mortises through it.

A crank on the rear end of the shaft of the spurwheel a2, operating upon mechanism above set forth, gives a forward and backward motion to the follower K, at proper times, for feeding in the stud',-

The movements of th follower K with reference to the movements of fthe carriage K2, are such that the former recedes to receivea piece of stu` in front of it, and then moves up, tolproperly adjust the stuff ou the carriage, and, at the same time, dischargea mortised piece upon the belt xbefore the carriage de'- sceuds below the level of this belt.

The operation .is commenced by introducing two pieces of stuil upon the carriage. This having been done, the lower rotary cutters i will, as. the'carriage completes its down stroke, cut scores,62, into the t lower side of the piece, which is in a plane between the two gangs of rotary cutters;l and,.as the carriage completes its up stroke, thev upper rotary cutters i will, in a similar mahner,score the'upper side of the said piece; the upper scores will be directly above their respective lower scores.

During the next descent of the carriage, the follower K will be movedback to receive, in front of it, another piece of stuii, and, after thevintroduction 4of the piece, the follower will be moved forward again, thus pushing the scored piece of stud' beneath thc chisels, and, 'at the same time, adjusting the next piece to it between the rotary cutters, as shown in fig. 7.

Three pieces of stn having been introduced into f the machine, a finished piece will be pushed oli' upon the belt X at every subsequent introduction of auother piece; at the same time a blank piecewiil be moved between the rotary-cutters, to be scored, and a scored piece will be moved in position to be lnortised' by the chisels.

The elongation of the mortises is effected by the slow endwise movements given to the pico@ of stuii, being mortised, by the vibrating movements imparted to the arms G3 G3, between the lower ends of which and the ends of the stuii the pivoted serrated jaws 28 are interposed.

Having described my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

riage Kvin combination wit-b the vibrating arms' C3 G3, substantially as described.

4. The movable spikes h h, applied Vto the arms C3 O3, and operated substantially as described.-

5. The vibrating feed-arms G3 C?, in combination 'with a vertically-movable carriage, Kyand mortising devices, substantially asdeseribedv p 6. The combination of rotary scoringuttexfs with mortisng-cbisels, which are constructed substantially as described, said partsbeing arranged so that-:the

i operation of scoring will*immediately precede the-op` erationof inortising, substantially as described.

7. The adjustable connection Gabetween the feedarms C3 C, substantially'as described. 8. A discl1arging-carrier, X, in combination with the carriage K2 and. mortising devises, arranged sub'- stantially as described.

9,. The combination of adj nstable rotary cntters i with adjustable mortising devices f, and a carriage, K2, having vsupporting-fingers 23 applied to it,

substantially as described.

10; The rods H H, applied above to a lifting-strip,

J 2, and below to the vibrating rods P* Pi, in combination wit-l1 t-lle stops p p and follower K, which. is applied on a vertically-movable carriage, K2, substantially as described. y

' LGWELL G. MERRILL.

Witnesses `Morir WATSEN, WALTER Dos. 

